What sort of multimedia content does the site use that might relate to its main product? Fight Imperialism! The media sends messages that reinforce cultural values. What are the two ways that media companies make money? It could even be argued that American cultural exports promote intercultural understanding; after all, to sell to a culture, a business must first understand that culture. Just as the automation of fast foodfrom freeze-dried french fries to prewrapped saladsattempts to lower a products marginal costs, thus increasing profits, media outlets seek to achieve a certain degree of consistency that allows them to broadcast and sell the same product throughout the world with minimal changes. Multinational, nongovernmental corporations can now drive global culture. Describe how hegemony applies to different aspects of global culture. Identify the attributes of McDonaldization. Although similar marketing tactics have been employed in the United States, Bollywood seems to have mastered the art of cross-media integration. Cultural imperialism was around long before the United States became a world power. The McDonaldization of the globe applies not just to its namesake, McDonalds, with its franchises in seemingly every country, but to any industry that applies the technique of McDonalds on a large scale. Corliss, Richard. Therefore, in some ways U.S. media have become more widespread, and also more worldwide in focus. This is known as a sphere of influence, which can range from historical connections between countries to cultural and political control over another nation. The numbers also feature many different Indian national languages and a hybrid of Western dance music and Indian classical singing, a certain departure from conventional Western media (Corliss, 1996). The British Empire was composed of the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. Analyze the ways that local cultures respond to outside forces. What are the main traits of media McDonaldization? A cultural icon is a person or an artifact that is identified by members of a culture as representative of that culture. Examples of Spheres of Influence. Modernization theory was a dominant While cultural imperialism might cause resentment in many parts of the world, the idea that local cultures are helpless under the crushing power of American cultural imposition is clearly too simplistic to hold water. Many people in a society will have different cultures, but we all generally agree on a way to behave in society thats usually based on the dominant culture in that society. In his book Cultural Imperialism, John Tomlinson argues that exported American culture is not necessarily imperialist because it does not push a cultural agenda; it seeks to make money from whatever cultural elements it can throughout the world. In what ways has this company undergone the process of McDonaldization throughout its history? Social contexts are all about society and what you need to know about your society in any situation.Society has rules around behavior and interaction. It is cultural in that the customs, traditions, religion, language, social and moral norms, and other aspects of the imposing community are distinct from, Schlosser, Eric, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 4. Modernization theory is used to explain the process of modernization within societies. A note about the documents included on this page: These documents were originally selected for the project Our Documents: 100 Milestone Documents from the National Archives, a national initiative on American history, civics, and service.They were identified to "help us think, talk and teach about the rights and responsibilities of citizens in our American imperialism refers to the expansion of American political, economic, cultural, and media influence beyond the boundaries of the United States.Depending on the commentator, it may include imperialism through outright military conquest; gunboat diplomacy; unequal treaties; subsidization of preferred factions; regime change; or economic penetration through private Combining traditional Indian music and dance with American-style filmmaking, Bollywood studios release around 700 major films each year, three times the rate of the major Hollywood studios. But were completely hardcore. The culture was still a mix of nationalitiesmany Dutch and Germans settled as wellbut the ruling majority of ex-Britons led British culture to generally take over. As a new faculty, it is our priority to develop an Indigenous Strategy that is collaboratively developed, productive and purposeful to affect long-term change in the educational outcomes of Indigenous students and the intellectual and cultural integrity of Indigenous teaching and research across the faculty. Actors such as John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe came to represent aspects of masculinity and femininity that were adopted into mainstream culture during the mid-20th century. Novelist Chimamanda Adichie tells the story of how she found her authentic cultural voice -- and warns that if we hear only a single story about another person or country, we risk a critical misunderstanding. The idea that media actually spreads a culture, however, is controversial. Media now rely heavily on synergy, or cross-platform media distribution. Cultural Messages and the Media. Cultural imperialism (sometimes referred to as cultural colonialism) comprises the cultural dimensions of imperialism.The word "imperialism" often describes practices in which a social entity engages culture (including language, traditions, rituals, political and economic structures, and ways of life) to create and maintain unequal relationships between social groups. Applying the concepts of an optimized financial market to cultural and human items such as food, McDonaldization enforces general standards and consistency throughout a global industry. How does it damage society? Explain the purpose and influence of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. From a spread of Western ideals of beauty to the possible decline of local cultures around the world, cultural imperialism can have a quick and devastating effect. What effects has technology had on international economics? Repatriation is the return of the cultural property, often referring to ancient or looted art, to their country of origin or former owners (or their heirs).The disputed cultural property items are physical artifacts of a group or society taken by another group, usually in the act of looting, whether in the context of imperialism, colonialism, or war. Speaking after the attacks of September 11, 2001, then-President George W. Bush presented two simple ideas to the U.S. populace: They [terrorists] hate our freedoms, and Go shopping (Bush, 2001). These twin ideals of personal freedom and economic activity are often held up as the prime exports of American culture. Media works in an uncannily similar way to fast food. Some possible websites to research include the following: Now answer the following questions regarding the site that you picked: Bush, President George W. address on terrorism before a joint meeting of Congress, New York Times, September 21, 2001, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/21/us/nation-challenged-president-bush-s-address-terrorism-before-joint-meeting.html. Rather, local cultures respond to the outside culture of U.S. media and democracy in many different ways. Is the application of antitrust legislation to media companies positive or negative? Hooray for Bollywood! Time, September 16, 1996, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985129,00.html. How does having a larger, more efficient media company help society? It is closely tied to the similar theory of cultural imperialism. Has this process made the company more efficient? In what ways does the United States act as a cultural hegemon? As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a group of people), especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-governance) over its homeland to create a nation state.Nationalism holds that each nation Invention Technological change has a broad impact on culture. cultural imperialism, in anthropology, sociology, and ethics, the imposition by one usually politically or economically dominant community of various aspects of its own culture onto another nondominant community. By contrast, some local cultures around the world have taken to Western-style business models so greatly that they have created their own hybrid cultures. The spread of culture works in mysterious ways. McDonaldization is characterized by efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. Pick a media company that interests you, such as a magazine, a television station, or a record label. Linguistic imperialism or language imperialism is occasionally defined as "the transfer of a dominant language to other people". In other words, wherever a consumer is likely to travel within a reasonable range, the menu options and the resulting product remain consistent. How are citizens of developed countries who lack useful Internet access affected? Creative outputs that have cultural and artistic value often have no physical form. Looking at the world as a whole, Today, cultural imperialism tends to describe the United States role as a cultural superpower throughout the world. In some circumstances, there may be a backlash against what can be seen as a hostile culture. Cultural Imperialism: A Critical Introduction (London: Continuum, 2001). Although such jobs used to require extensive technological knowledge, modern online project managers, online media editors, and web producers spend much of their time determining how best to display the content online. Although the fast-food restaurant is somewhat different in every countryfor example, Indian restaurants offer a pork-free, beef-free menu to accommodate regional religious practicesthe same fundamental principles apply in a culturally specific way. A key danger of cultural imperialism is the possibility that American tastes will crowd out local cultures around the globe. Because of this, one of the industrys quickly expanding career fields employs people who manage the online outlets of a more traditional media outlet such as radio or television. Kristof, Nicholas D. In China, Beauty Is a Big Western Nose, New York Times, April 29, 1987, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/29/garden/in-china-beauty-is-a-big-western-nose.html. How do the media increase profit margins in foreign countries? Not everyone views the spread of American tastes as a negative occurrence. Please respond to the following short-answer writing prompts. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries. What, if anything, has been lost because of this process? On one hand, foreign cultural institutions can adopt successful American business models, and corporations are largely willing to do whatever makes them the most money in a particular marketwhether that means giving local people a shot at making movies, or making multicultural films such as 2008s Slumdog Millionaire. What is the digital divide, and who is trying to close it? Instead, local cultures seem to adopt American-style media models, changing their methods to fit the corporate structures rather than just the aesthetics of U.S. media. Social networks: Social media facilitate the formation of social networks, or groups of people who share interests and communicate with each other online. What are some examples of local cultures resisting the influence of foreign culture? What might its purpose be? During the early 21st century, much of the United Statess foreign policy stemmed from the idea that spreading freedom, democracy, and free-market capitalism through cultural influence around the world could cause hostile countries such as Iraq to adopt American ways of living and join the United States in the fight against global terrorism and tyranny. With McDonaldization, four aspects of the business are taken to the extreme: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. http://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/21/us/nation-challenged-president-bush-s-address-terrorism-before-joint-meeting.html, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,985129,00.html, http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/29/garden/in-china-beauty-is-a-big-western-nose.html. Even though many of these empires have seen their powers wane over the years, they still maintain a cultural link to their previous colonies. Examples of American cultural imperialism include brand name products, mass-produced food and, perhaps of primary importance, video media. What is the effect of globalized media on world cultures? How might these relate to the corporations main purpose. Coined by George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993), the concept is rooted in the process of rationalization. Although culturally specific variations exist, any McDonalds in a particular area has basically the same menu as any other. Says Fred Schneider, We are old. The idea that media actually spreads a culture, however, is controversial. Why? As well as these cultural practices, there has also been a geopolitical dimension: For a long time there has been resentment by many in the Middle East at the policies of America in their region. What is synergy, and how can media companies use it? For many of the more extremist factions, this has turned into a form of racism as well, where many things that are Western are hated or despised. For example, the internet allows people to connect to social groups and media that represents a particular worldview.This can result in tribalism whereby people no longer see themselves as part of a greater society. Common Cultural Diffusions. What predictions can you make about its effects in the future? Unlike Marx, who believed that the workers of the world would eventually unite and overthrow capitalism, Gramsci instead argued that culture and the media exert such a powerful influence on society that they can actually influence workers to buy into a system that is not economically advantageous to them. Media imperialism is a critical theory regarding the perceived effects of globalization on the world's media, which is often seen as dominated by American media and culture. The numbers also feature many different Indian national languages and a hybrid of Western dance music and Indian classical singing, a certain departure from conventional Western media (Corliss, 1996). Marxs ideas remained at the heart of Gramscis beliefs. How so? What is globalization, and how does it affect the media? Do you think that the current trends will continue, or do you see local cultures reasserting their power? bi-monthly newspaper of the Revolutionary Communist Group; Times Literary Supplement weekly literary and cultural journal; Each response should be a minimum of one paragraph. Media Buzz Ltd Wide availability in the major cities Yorkshire Reporter: Monthly: Tabloid: 2013: Fight Racism! Social Context Examples. Using the models you listed above, classify the following media industries: book publishing, television broadcasting, and live-event ticketing. American movie studios are generally much more successful than their foreign counterparts not only because of their business models but also because the concept of Hollywood has become one of the modern worldwide movie businesss defining traits. The English ethnic group contributed to the major cultural and social mindset and attitudes that evolved into the American character. How do vertical integration, first copy costs, and the information economy relate to one another? in the form of jokes or urban legends.With the widespread use of the Internet from the 1990s, the distinction between mass The music and dance numbers are essentially cinematic forms of music videos, both promoting the soundtrack and adding variety to the film. This concept of culture is rooted in Marxist class struggle, in which one group is dominated by another and conflict arises. These pop songs are disseminated well before a movies release, both to build up hype and to enter multiple media markets. A world-empire (examples, the Roman Empire, Han China) are large bureaucratic structures with a single political center and an axial division of labor, but multiple cultures. Name a positive and a negative way in which culture may respond to an outside force. What are the three basic business models of media? Western stylesnewfangled delights like nylon stockings, pierced ears and eye shadowalso began to replace the austere blue tunics of Mao-era China. American cultural mores, such as the Western standard of beauty, have increasingly made it into global media. Of course, there is some truth to this, but it is by far the exception rather than the rule. According to Gramscis notion, the hegemons of capitalismthose who control the capitalcan assert economic power, while the hegemons of culture can assert cultural power. These four attributesmore than any specific cultural ideasare the primary features of globalized American businesses. Is there anything that might not relate to its main product? These values are perhaps most visible in celebrities and the roles that they adopt. In anthropology, high-context culture and low-context culture are ends of a continuum of how explicit the messages exchanged in a culture are and how important the context is in communication.The continuum pictures how people communicate with others through their range of communication abilities: utilising gestures, relations, body language, verbal messages, or Examples of Social Media (Ranked by Monthly Users) 1. After September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush framed the issue of terrorism as a cultural conflict as much as a military one. In his book Cultural Imperialism, John Tomlinson argues that exported American culture is not necessarily imperialist because it does not push a cultural agenda; it seeks to make money from whatever cultural elements it can throughout the world. 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